DC Public Schools is recommending the closure of 20 campuses because the schools are underenrolled and draining resources from the city’s efforts to improve education, Schools Chancellor Kaya Henderson said Tuesday.

The proposed closings, which make up 17 percent of campuses and span elementary, middle and even Spingarn High School, would trigger new school boundaries and feeder patterns for the 45,000-student school system, which has lost about 16,000 students since 2000 to competition from public charter schools and mistrust of the city’s chronically troubled — but reforming — schools. Eighteen of the schools would close by next fall.