The need for a well-articulated national cybersecurity deterrence policy has been a hot topic in industry circles for years, but the Trump-Putin summit in Helsinki pushed the issue to the forefront of the cyber conversation, underscoring recent steps as well as persistent shortfalls.

The Trump White House — after appearing to be thrown off stride by bipartisan criticism of the president’s performance in Helsinki — and the GOP congressional leadership have both moved in recent days to present a “tougher” face on Russia.