MUNICH — Vice President Kamala Harris used the pulpit of a defense conference where world leaders gathered to warn Russia that it will face dire economic consequences and an increased presence of Western forces if it attacks Ukraine.

Speaking before foreign officials at the storied Hotel Bayerischer Hof in the city’s old town, Harris said the economic costs to Moscow would be “significant and unprecedented” were it to attack Ukraine, with allies leveling a slate of penalties “that will be swift, severe, and united.”