Ken Ludwig has a wicked sense of comedic anarchy. In the world premiere of his new play, “A Fox on the Fairway,” at Signature Theatre, he takes a handful of recognizable stock characters and endows them with such zany idiosyncrasies that they soar to dizzying heights — or is it depths? — of silliness. The result is an ambitious and satisfying satire not just of the golf world but of human nature.