WITH THE WAR in Iraq mostly over, America’s foreign policy establishment is widening its gaze and turning to other international problems, most notably the reconstruction of Iraq, the disarming of North Korea, and settling of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. But they should also turn their attention to a dispute so old as to be almost taken for granted–Kashmir. When the British abandoned their rule of South Asia at the end of World War II, they chose to partition the region according to religion: one state for Muslims (Pakistan) and another for Hindus (India). The two states were created in 1947, and during the process millions of Hindus and Muslims migrated to India and Pakistan, respectively. The subsequent rioting and violence of Partition left hundreds of thousands dead and laid the foundation for a half century of enmity between the two countries.