KABUL, Afghanistan (AP) — U.S. military leaders say it’s too soon to tell if Pakistan’s offensive against militants in North Waziristan has been effective or simply symbolic, but they say the operations have temporarily disrupted the enemy and sent insurgents fleeing into Afghanistan.

Marine Gen. Joseph Dunford, who stepped down Tuesday as the top U.S. commander in Afghanistan, said there’s no doubt that some fighters escaped across the border, along with displaced civilians trying to get away from the violence.