The fight for fairness

As Byron York noted last night, Mitt Romney used his victory speech yesterday to join President Obama in a debate over which candidate can best honor how Americans value “fairness.” AEI President Arthur Brooks presciently previewed this battle in a Washington Examiner column earlier this month:

For some months now, President Obama has increasingly been couching his rhetoric in the language of fairness.
He used the word “fair” 14 times in his December speech in Osawatomie, Kan., where he implored us to “restore fairness.” He demanded tax reform that “makes sure everybody pays their fair share.” And it is only his policy proposals that ensure “everyone engages in fair play and everybody gets a fair shot and everybody does their fair share.”
From his proposed tax hike on high-income households — the so-called Buffett Rule — to health care reform efforts, the president has defined fairness largely in terms of government income redistribution. He has also set out to paint his political opponents as, at best, uninterested in fairness and, at worst, committed to making society less fair.
For months, free-market policymakers seemed willing to concede this term, preferring to argue against Obama’s policies on the grounds of economic efficiency and constitutional first principles. No longer.

Brooks went on to detail how some Republicans have begun to invoke fairness in their rhetoric, but Romney was not among them. Now Brooks can add Romney to the list. Here is the fairness portion of Romney’s speech from last night:

This President is putting us on a path where our lives will be ruled by bureaucrats and boards, commissions and czars. He’s asking us to accept that Washington knows best – and can provide all.

I have a very different vision for America, and of our future. It is an America driven by freedom, where free people, pursuing happiness in their own unique ways, create free enterprises that employ more and more Americans. …
This America is fundamentally fair. We will stop the unfairness of urban children being denied access to the good schools of their choice; we will stop the unfairness of politicians giving taxpayer money to their friends’ businesses; we will stop the unfairness of requiring union workers to contribute to politicians not of their choosing; we will stop the unfairness of government workers getting better pay and benefits than the taxpayers they serve; and we will stop the unfairness of one generation passing larger and larger debts on to the next.

How can both Obama and Romney make “fairness” the center of their campaigns? How will this provide a contrast to voters. University of Virginia psychologist Jonathan Haidt explained in a Wall Street Journal op-ed back in 2010:

One of the biggest disagreements between the political left and right is their conflicting notions of fairness. Across many surveys and experiments, we find that liberals think about fairness in terms of equality, whereas conservatives think of it in terms of karma. In our survey for YourMorals.org, we asked Americans how much they agreed with a variety of statements about fairness and liberty, including this one: “Ideally, everyone in society would end up with roughly the same amount of money.” Liberals were evenly divided on it, but conservatives and libertarians firmly rejected it.
On more karmic notions of fairness, however, conservatives and libertarians begin to split apart. Here’s a statement about the positive side of karma: “Employees who work the hardest should be paid the most.” Everyone agrees, but conservatives agree more enthusiastically than liberals and libertarians, whose responses were identical.

“Karma” may be a odd way of putting it, and in his new book, The Righteous Mind, Haidt calls it “fairness as proportionality” instead:

The Fairness/cheating foundation is about proportionality and law of karma. It is about making sure that people get what they deserve, and do not get thingd they do not deserve. Everyone – left, right, and center – cares about proportionality; everyone gets angry when people take more than they deserve. But conservatives care more, and they rely on the Fairness foundation more heavily – once fairness is restricted to proportionality.

The danger for Obama is that his push for the Buffett Rule will look too much like the liberal definition of “fairness” as equality and redistribution. That is why he is always insisting the Buffett Rule has nothing to do with class warfare. 

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