The Supreme Court will soon decide a case that could upend the balance built into a bipartisan law that has accelerated the launch of generic drugs and saved American patients, employers, and taxpayers trillions of dollars in recent decades  — while still incentivizing biopharmaceutical companies to research and develop medicines in the first place.

The stakes of the case, Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. v. Amarin Pharma, Inc., extend well beyond the two companies involved. The ruling could have a dramatic effect on incentives to invest in researching additional uses for FDA‑approved medicines.