Few acts of American intervention have saved as many lives with as little cost as the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, also known as PEPFAR. Since George W. Bush signed the program into law in 2003, PEPFAR has saved an estimated 25 million lives, reduced new HIV infections by 42% from their peak, and ensured that more than 5 million babies have been born HIV-free through the program’s dissemination of drugs and counseling to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS across Africa.