Does the White House Believe Iran Will be Helpful in Afghanistan?

The Obama administration conducted a 30 minute conference call this afternoon with journalists to preview President Obama’s speech on Afghanistan tonight. The final question concerned Iran. The reporter who posed the question informed the senior administration officials briefing the media that Iran had criticized the reported escalation of troops to Afghanistan and compared it to the policies pursued by the Bush administration. A senior administration official explained that such a perception was understandable because both the Bush and Obama administrations are pursuing the national security interests of the U.S. — wisely and uncharacteristically (for this White House) resisting the temptation to take a shot at their predecessors. But then came a troubling claim. “Iran has traditionally played a very important role in the stability of Afghanistan. And we expect that that’s the kind of role we’ll see Iran play in the future.” There is no denying that Iran has played an important role in the stability of Afghanistan — Iran has sought to destabilize it. It has done this in both obvious and less obvious ways, ranging from quiet payments to local and even national Afghan officials to providing the weapons killing American and NATO soldiers there. Indeed, we have recently seen an increase the level of support Iran has provided to the Taliban and insurgent groups — and according to the Obama administration’s top intelligence official, that support includes lethal aid. In October, US soldiers found Iranian-made rockets in Taliban strongholds in Afghanistan. CBS News reported that cooperation between the Iranian regime and the Taliban had grown. Lara Logan reported on Iran’s “increasingly deadly involvement” in Afghanistan:

The deadliest form of roadside bomb on the Iraqi battlefield – explosively formed penetrators (EFPs) – is now being found in Afghanistan. Lethal armor piercing bombs that can slice through U.S. humvees are also an Iranian specialty. More worrying still: U.S. intelligence believes Iran is supplying surface to air missiles to the Taliban – the very same weapon the U.S. supplied to the Afghan resistance to bring down the Russians.

General Stanley McChrystal described Iranian support for the Taliban in his leaked assessment of Afghanistan.

Iran plays an ambiguous role in Afghanistan, providing developmental assistance and political support to [Government of Afghanistan] while the Iranian Qods Force is reportedly training fighters for certain Taliban groups and providing other forms of military assistance to insurgents. Iran’s current policies and actions do not pose a short-term threat to the mission, but Iran has the capability to threaten the mission in the future.

In February, Director of National Intelligence Admiral Dennis Blair answered in writing questions from the Senate Select Intelligence Committee. Those answers were declassified in July and included several explosive charges about Iran’s role in Afghanistan. On page 12, he addressed the deadly role Iran is playing in Afghanistan–supporting the Afghan government and the insurgents that seek to bring it down. This support for insurgents–Blair calls it “lethal aid”–means that Iranian weapons are being used against American soldiers and their NATO counterparts.

Iran has both long-term strategic and short-term tactical interests in Afghanistan and is not content with merely maintaining the status quo. In the short term, Iran is primarily concerned with preserving its national security and undermining Western influence in Afghanistan, which provides Iran’s rationale for providing select Afghan insurgents with lethal aid. . . . Iran has not altered its activities in Afghanistan over the past year as various Iranian officials describe the Western presence as an occupation and Iran maintains a hostile relationship with the West. Iran’s policy calculation in Afghanistan currently emphasizes lethal support to the Taliban, even though revelation of this activity could threaten its future relationship with the Afghan government and its historic allies within Afghanistan. Iran is covertly supplying arms to Afghan insurgents while publicly posing as supportive of the Afghan government. Shipments typically include small arms, mines, rocket propelled grenades (RPGs), rockets, mortars, and plastic explosives. Taliban commanders have publicly credited Iranian support for their successful operations against Coalition forces. [Emphasis added]

This is not new. During a trip to Afghanistan in September 2007, then head of U.S. Central Command Admiral William Fallon told the Associated Press: “The Iranians are clearly supplying some amount of lethal aid.” Fallon continued: “There is no doubt … that agents from Iran are involved in aiding the insurgency.” In a series of articles for TWS, Tom Joscelyn has traced this cooperation back to October 2001. (See here for others.) None of this is to suggest that the insurgency in Afghanistan is driven by outside actors. It’s not. Those fighting U.S. and NATO troops there are largely native Afghans. But Iran’s presence is clear and it’s harmful. And yet senior Obama administration officials seem to believe that Iran will play a constructive role in Afghanistan. Eric Cantor, the minority whip in the House of Representatives, had just emerged from a meeting with President Obama on Afghanistan when TWS read him the comment from the senior administration official. Cantor said he was “concerned” that the U.S. is “hoping upon hope” that Iran will change its behavior in Afghanistan. “I have real trouble seeing how our interests and Iran’s interests intersect in Afghanistan.” Is this yet another dangerous triumph of hope over experience?

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