Iran’s leadership is using Islamic charities to conceal and control massive economic empires, some of which are connected to sanctioned businesses and a designated terrorist organization, according to a new report.

These organizations, known as bonyads, act as holding companies for regime members handpicked by Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei. One bonyad, Astan Quds Razavi, has been unveiled in a report by the American Enterprise Institute, offering a rare glimpse into the inner workings of Iran’s shadow economy. It “serves as one of the regime’s key financial vehicles,” the report says, and should be sanctioned.