WAS THE MARCH 11, 2004, attack on Madrid’s commuter trains an al Qaeda operation? More than three years after 191 civilians were killed and almost two thousand more injured by ten backpack bombs planted by Islamic radicals, the answer to such a simple question remains clouded. Just this past Wednesday, as the verdicts of 28 of the accused plotters were read by a Spanish court, we were reminded how murky this issue has become.