On Dec. 30, 2025, Saudi Arabian jets bombed southern Yemeni forces at the port city of Mukalla. Saudi officials said they sought to destroy arms that the United Arab Emirates sent to its allies in southern Yemen. Saudi authorities were upset that the Emirati-backed Southern Transitional Council recently consolidated its control over the Hadramawt, never mind that it did so to close off a smuggling route benefiting the Houthis.

The Emiratis had had enough. They entered Yemen alongside Saudi Arabia as the Houthis and al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula had overrun the country. The Emiratis and their Yemeni partners defeated al Qaeda and began building a functional state.