Supreme Court Justice Neil Gorsuch on Wednesday expressed sympathy toward everyday citizens challenging federal agency overreach in courtrooms across the nation, arguing that a long-standing precedent that gives deference to such agencies has created a “disparate impact.”

The nine justices heard two challenges that arose from a 2020 federal regulation forcing owners of fishing vessels in the Atlantic herring fishery to pay for at-sea monitors who collect data and oversee operations on their vessels.