A mammoth new report on the public health consequences of e-cigarettes finds there is conclusive evidence that e-cigarettes are less dangerous than regular cigarettes, and smokers who switch to vaping will reduce their exposure to lethal toxicants and carcinogens.

Amounting to more than 600 pages, the National Academy of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine’s report attempts to examine the health consequences of e-cigarettes for the population as a whole. All in all, NASEM presents 47 conclusions categorized by different levels of evidence, with “conclusive evidence” being the strongest.