Europe is getting a little more serious about challenging China’s vast espionage campaign against the West.

On Monday, the United Kingdom charged two Britons, Christopher Cash, a 29-year-old parliamentary researcher, and Christopher Berry, a 32-year-old former teacher, with spying for China. The two men were first arrested more than a year ago, but U.K. prosecutors have been considering their evidence file since December. Both men had previously spent a number of years in China, with Cash studying there and Berry teaching English. If guilty of the charge against them, namely providing China with information useful to an enemy, they were almost certainly recruited by the Chinese intelligence services during their time in China. Nearly all Americans and Britons who spend any significant time in China can expect some form of intelligence recruitment approach.