The Department of Education has opened over 100 civil rights investigations into universities and school districts since tensions boiled over on campuses following the Oct. 7, 2023, terrorist attack on Israel. California had the most investigations into its schools of any state.

Of the 103 Title VI investigations relating to tensions surrounding the Israel-Hamas war, the vast majority involve antisemitic conduct. There have also been lawsuits alleging anti-Palestinian bias at some schools.