The Environmental Protection Agency has moved to scrap Biden-era regulations on ethylene oxide, a gas used in medical sterilization plants that has been linked to cancer.
The agency under the Biden administration significantly tightened restrictions on gas in 2024, aiming to cut emissions by more than 90%, after the EPA determined that ethylene oxide is far more toxic than previously thought.
The EPA previously said there is a link between ethylene oxide exposure and both lymphoma and breast cancer, particularly among workers at manufacturing or processing plants and residents living nearby.
At the same time, the gas is crucial for sterilizing essential medical products such as heart valves, pacemakers, and surgical kits.
The Trump administration said the proposed rollback is aimed at preventing supply chain disruptions for medical equipment.
“[Ethylene oxide] is the only safe and effective sterilization method available for many medical devices, making it indispensable for life-saving medical equipment,” the EPA said in a news release on Friday.
“EPA is concerned that the current Biden-era EtO emission standards actively threaten facilities’ ability to sterilize equipment and jeopardize one of America’s only options for a secure domestic supply chain of essential medical equipment,” the agency added.
Rep. Brett Guthrie (R-KY), chairman of the House Energy and Commerce Committee, praised the move, calling it a “victory for commonsense policies.”
“By proposing an amendment to this misguided regulation, EPA Administrator Zeldin is working under the authority that Congress provided under the Clean Air Act to help ensure the medical community maintains access to a safe and reliable domestic supply of sterilized medical devices used in millions of procedures each year, while continuing to protect human health and the environment,” Guthrie said in a statement.
But some experts argue that the deregulation could increase health risks for vulnerable communities living near sterilization plants.
“Nearly 14 million people in the United States live within five miles of at least one commercial sterilization facility, and more than 10,000 schools and child care facilities fall within those areas,” said Darya Minovi, a senior analyst at the Union of Concerned Scientists. “Ethylene oxide emissions controls need to be strengthened – not dismantled. Communities living near these facilities deserve clean air and policies grounded in science, not decisions that allow dangerous emissions to continue unchecked.”
The Trump administration has already taken steps to ease the effect of the stricter standards on sterilization facilities.
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Last year, President Donald Trump granted two-year renewable exemptions from the regulations for roughly 40 sterilizer facilities.
That decision is now being challenged. The Southern Environmental Law Center and the Natural Resources Defense Council filed suit on behalf of several advocacy groups, arguing the administration unlawfully used presidential exemptions.
