As Tennessee launches an initiative that offers two years of college education for free, the state is discovering the appeal of “free.”
Tennessee Promise inspired President Obama’s higher-education plan earlier this year —and more students than program designers anticipated.
The state expected about 13,000 students for the program’s inaugural year. Official numbers aren’t available yet, but the last count of eligible students in August had 22,534 college freshmen entering the higher-education system, according to Inside Higher Ed.
Last year, about 11,400 freshmen enrolled in community colleges after high-school graduation.
Program directors expected more than 25,000 students to apply to the program, but expected many to use it as a safety net and instead “pursue a college outside of Tennessee Promise eligibility.”
It turns out that when something is free, more people want it.
Tennessee Promise covers all tuition and fees not covered by federal grants, state scholarships, and assistance programs. Community service, minimum GPA, and mentorship requirements also play a role in the program.
Most of the talk surrounding the program is speculative and hopeful. The effects won’t be known for a few years.
The program focuses on technical certificates, diplomas, and two-year degrees because it was viewed as avenues through which students will be prepared for future workforce demand, and also as the most cost-effective way to spend the money.
The estimated cost is $34 million that will cover expenses for students during five semesters.
Retention rates, graduation rates, and employment after graduation will be important indicators for the success of the program. If Tennessee Promise attracts students, but fails to increase completion rates, deadweight loss occurs. Two years in classes with nothing to show for it isn’t preferable over two years of work or other productive alternatives.
Tennessee is encouraging for its recognition that a four-year college or university isn’t the goal for everyone. Exploring alternative ways to encourage students to succeed might signal a shift in how Americans understand pathways to success, but the results of Tennessee Promise will remain unknown for a few years.
