Imagine this scenario: you get a beautifully wrapped box, with a bright red ribbon around it. The box isn’t too big; it’s about the size of that Samsung Galaxy S7 you were hoping for. You carefully unwrap the box, not tearing the paper, because you remember that your mother taught you to save such nice wrapping paper.

Sure enough, it’s a box for a Galaxy S7! You open the box and pull out the phone inside. You try turning it on, but nothing happens. The phone feels strangely light; it’s like there’s nothing in the phone at all, no battery, no chips, nothing. And, in fact, that’s what you have: the outer shell of a smart phone.