The Supreme Court on Tuesday will hear oral arguments in a landmark case brought by the government of Mexico against Smith & Wesson and other United States-based gun manufacturers, seeking to hold them liable for cartel violence south of the border.

Mexico argues that U.S. gunmakers knowingly aid and abet the illegal trafficking of firearms across the border by supplying dealers who divert weapons to the black market. The lawsuit, Smith & Wesson Brands v. Estados Unidos Mexicanos, will test the limits of the 2005 Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act, a federal law shielding gun manufacturers from liability for crimes committed with their products.