The legal arm of the National Rifle Association asked the Supreme Court on Friday to take up a new case that could expand gun rights for owners of AR-style rifles, challenging federal restrictions on short-barreled versions of the popular firearm.

In a petition filed Friday, the NRA’s Institute for Legislative Action urged the high court to hear Rush v. United States, a case targeting the National Firearms Act of 1934. That law requires registration and a $200 tax for rifles with barrels shorter than 16 inches, a violation punishable by up to 10 years in prison and a $250,000 fine.