Lower, slower income tax refunds that have dragged on retail sales this year are disproportionately hurting upscale stores, since high-income shoppers are more likely to get an unexpected bill from the Internal Revenue Service under changes backed by President Trump and congressional Republicans.

February revenue at U.S. retailers fell 0.2 percent from the month before to $506 billion, the Census Bureau said Monday, and merchants placed much of the blame on cold weather, stock market fluctuations, and shrinking refunds after a GOP-led tax overhaul that eliminated or cut many of the deductions once claimed by people earning $100,000 a year or more.