Former Texas Gov. Rick Perry, when he was the secretary of energy for former President Donald Trump, frequently touted his state’s famously free market electricity system for enabling Texas to be an “all of the above” energy powerhouse that he wanted the United States to exemplify.

That system collapsed in the face of extreme winter weather last week, forcing Perry and other Texans to reckon with the need for reforms, including potentially mandating power plant operators to invest in upgrades to protect their facilities and equipment from the cold.