GUANTANAMO BAY, Cuba — The man widely seen as the architect of the CIA’s enhanced interrogation techniques used in the wake of 9/11 testified about the existence of what he viewed as abusive CIA interrogation operations outside his control.

James Mitchell, 67, a clinical psychologist formerly of the Air Force Survival School, was hired as a contractor by the CIA in 2002. The agency asked him to apply his experiences as a survival, evasion, resistance, and escape instructor toward developing an interrogation program. The program was formed in response to al Qaeda attacks that killed nearly 3,000 Americans on Sept. 11, 2001. Mitchell appeared this week before a military court in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, to give dayslong testimony in a 9/11 death penalty case this week.