The Supreme Court’s decision on former President Donald Trump’s claims of presidential immunity has presented new hurdles for special counsel Jack Smith‘s criminal cases that should give him pause over his approach to the sweeping indictments, legal experts say.

Last week, the high court ruled 6-3 along ideological lines in Trump v. United States that presidents are immune from criminal prosecution for “official acts” but may still be prosecuted for unofficial acts. However, the ruling did not clearly define the boundary between the two, leaving the task now to lower courts to determine the extent to which Trump enjoys immunity under the new precedent.