President Donald Trump’s deportation agenda is moving forward at a rapid pace, even as dozens of lawsuits brought by liberal legal groups aim to forestall his efforts to achieve 1 million annual deportations of illegal migrants.

With third-country removals greenlit by the Supreme Court, the Alien Enemies Act tied up in appellate litigation, and Immigration and Customs Enforcement facing resistance in liberal jurisdictions, the administration is testing the outer bounds of its immigration enforcement authority and its ability to fulfill Trump’s campaign promises to carry out record-setting deportation numbers.