A Senate vote this week to block certain arms sales to Israel may have been largely symbolic, but for many Democrats and foreign policy observers, it underscored something more consequential: a shift inside the Democratic Party that is beginning to test the long-standing bipartisan consensus on the Jewish state.

More than three dozen Senate Democrats backed the effort, a notable increase from similar votes in past years and a sign that unease with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s handling of the wars in Gaza and Iran is no longer confined to the party’s left flank.