President Donald Trump signed an executive order limiting states’ regulation of artificial intelligence after months of wrangling.

Republican senators, led by Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX), tried to include a provision in Trump’s One Big Beautiful Bill Act that would prevent states from regulating AI, but the effort failed after last-minute hesitation from Sen. Marsha Blackburn (R-TN). Months later, Trump implemented the effort with an executive order, signing it in the Oval Office surrounded by its proponents.