The question of racial preferences in university admissions has bedeviled the nation for decades. In 2003, the Supreme Court finally issued a verdict that gave something to either side of the debate.

In a case involving the University of Michigan, it said public universities may not adopt rigid formulas to help one minority group or another — but may consider race as one factor in admissions as part of an effort to create a diverse student body. The decision had the distinct feel of a compromise.