At any given moment, millions of doctors and medical researchers across the globe are working toward a singular goal: that no illness should be a death sentence. One large leap was taken toward accomplishing that goal recently. For the second time in history, an HIV patient was cured of the disease. And as in the first case, the cure was a result of a bone marrow transplant intended originally to treat cancer.

Unfortunately, this transplant isn’t likely to have broad application, and the 36.9 million people who struggle with HIV worldwide serve as a reminder that the fight is far from over.