The European Union‘s stringent tech regulations are imposing nearly $100 billion per year on American companies operating within the 27-member bloc, according to a new study released Monday morning.

As much as $97.6 billion is incurred annually by the EU’s restrictions on digital services with a floor estimate of $38.9 billion annually, the Computer and Communications Industry Association Research Center found. Companies from the United States are disproportionately affected by these heavy costs.