Carl Schmitt left modern political theory with an uncomfortable truth: Politics, at bottom, has nothing to do with legal arbitration, procedural rules, or economic trade-offs. It comes down to a single distinction: friend and enemy. Political survival means knowing exactly when a threat stops being manageable and becomes existential — knowing who stands beside you, and who wants you erased.

Liberal democracy was never built to accept that crucially important insight. It trades the hard choices of survival for parliamentary debate, legal maneuvering, and the language of human rights, as if every conflict could be settled with a trade deal or a joint statement. The trouble starts when a liberal order runs into an opponent who rejects those rules outright, one who takes the friend/enemy divide with absolute, near-religious seriousness. At that point the system seizes up. It can’t even name what it’s fighting, blinded by its own procedures while the enemy operates on pure conviction.